Foreign direct investment (FDI), in its classical definition, is defined as a corporation from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. However, given rapid growth and change in global business, the majority companies prefer making a portfolio investment, which can be less time consuming and easy to manage. It may take many forms, for instance, a direct acquisition of a foreign company, construction of a facility, or investment in a joint venture or strategic alliance with a local company with attendant input of technology, licensing of intellectual property.
FDI could provide a firm with new markets and marketing channel, cheaper production facilities, access to new technology, skills and financing. For a host country which receives the investment, providing a source of advanced technologies, capital, processes and management skills enable promote local economic growth. Therefore, FDI plays an extraordinary and growing role in current global business. Faced with changes in technology, increasing liberalization of the national regulatory framework governing investment in enterprises and changes in capital markets, profound changes have occurred in FDI. In the new information age, decline in global communicative costs have made management of foreign investments far easier than in the past.
As corporations want to earn a positive return on the investment, a great number of firms merger or acquire a foreign corporation. Also, mergers sometimes occur when business firms require diversification. This means one company do not put all its fundings in one industry, but make an acquisition of a foreign company, which benefits the corporation to reduce their investment risk. In other words, the acquiring firm no longer has all its eggs in one basket. However, in the diverse economic and political climate, they may need to have great capacity to tackle other risks, such as the foreign exchange rate risk (which has discussed in last week).
The party making the investment is usually known as the parent enterprise, and the party invested in can be referred to as the foreign affiliate. Together, these enterprises form what is known as a Transnational Corporation (TNC). In the last few years, TNC from developed counties play a significant part in FDI, however, the government of developing country encourage their corporations to invest in foreign country when recognized the importance of FDI. Take Chinese investment in the US as an example. Chinese foreign direct investment in the United States is an attractive and vital source of investment which is particularly welcomed, especially as the US begins to recover from the worst economic downturn since the financial crisis in 2008. Although sensitivities exist with respect to foreign investment in America’s most strategy sectors, overall, Chinese investment is fundamentally beneficial for the US economy as it creates opportunities of employment, maintains existing ones, provides new sources of capital and ultimately serves to strengthen the commercial ties between the two counties.
China’s remarkable economic growth stems in part from its ascendance as a trade and export powerhouse. However, to achieve future sustainable development, China must move beyond the export driven model and strengthen the investment and capital relationship with the multinational companies. AS a result of the global economic, in 2009, the figure of Chinese FDI had reached $6.4billion. Hair Group, as one of the multinational corporations, expand market into the US providing a good example of a successful globalization strategy. Before entering the US market, Hair Group first extended its brand in Asia in order to build its presence and develop international brand recognition. Having penetrated neighboring Asian markets, Hair Group setted up the value of $35million refrigerator products in 2000, and in 2005 the group acquired Maytag Corporation, which is a venerable US appliance marker for $1.28 billion.
With the expansion of Hair Group in US, benefits brought in. First of all, transfer the technology, which is not just restricted to actual technologies, involving sharing skills, manufacturing methods and even entire facilities as well. It can also refer to the knowledge passed by scientific research institutions. Furthermore, foreign direct investment assumes the creation of new jobs. As investors build new corporations in the new country they create new job openings and opportunities. This leads to an increment in income and the development of competition. New jobs offer more buying power to the population of that country which in turn leads to economic boosts. Another of the advantages is the rise of the income for the receiving country. With higher wages and more jobs, the income of the entire country rises as well. Overall, all these in turn spurs economic growth in US.
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