When it comes to the method of raising finance, corporations generally adopt two approaches: share issues, also known as equity, and debt.
From the perspective of corporations, they are not willing to bring in outside shareholders. Because shareholders have the official control so that they could vote at general meetings, choose directors and determine important issues, which may result in unwise strategic decisions and unhealthy management, and therefore lead to profit losses. However, as the fact that if the company adopts equity method, they will not have the obligation to repaid the funds when the firm is unable to survive. Another advantage is that usually there is no necessary duty for firm to pay dividends to shareholders, which means when losses are made the company dose not have the problem of finding money for a dividend. Just as Arnold’s (2008) saying, equity acts as a kind of shock absorber.
Debt financing allows the managers to have control of their own business. Also, the interest that the company repay the loan is taxdeductible, as it includes part of the business income from taxes and lower the tax liability. In comparison, the dividends, distributing to shareholders are paid out of aftertax earnings, whereas interest payments on loans are tax deductible.
Personally, for those small and mediumsized enterprises, it is better for them to borrow money from the bank or other authorities. One vital reason is that equity financing exists potential risk: high cost. This is because equity holders regcognise that investing in a corporation via equity can be more risky so that they would require a greater rate of return. Thus, even though debt financing needs to pay the interest monthly, the interest rate is fixed and the company could negotiate a suitable rate with the lender before sign the contrast. Also, debt pressure may to some extent motivate and encourage the employees to work hard. Furthermore, small and medium sized enterprises do not have sufficient fundings and competitive ability to issue shares in the public. Knowing dividends depend on profits, investors would rather invest large scale and mature companies to guarantee their own benefits.
From the BBC News, on 21 January, 2014, the Public Accounts Committee said that small and mediumsized UK business were still struggling to access enough funding despite efforts by the government to boost lending. The latest Bank of England figures show that all lending to business fell by £4.3billion between September and November 2013. In order to promote the small and mediumsized enterprises’ development and help the UK’s economic recovery, individuals or businesses are allowed to borrow money cheaply from the bank. This policy may attract more individuals to seek financial support from the bank and it is also an opportunity for businessmen.
On the other hand, for those multinational companies, issue shares on the Stock Market could enlarge the corporate assets. In reality, the majority companies would adopt the combination of equity and debt financing in terms of capital structure. According to the traditional theory, if the gearing could up to an optimal point where optimal capital structure can be achieved, which means an increasing gearing but low average capital cost, the share price and company value will raise. But continuous high gearing would bring in risk which impacts shareholders’ interests. However, it is an ideal capital structure existing in the complete competitive market without considering cost and tax. Therefore, how to balance the proportion of equity and debt should take the corporate profitability into account and calculate the level of liability that the company could bear.
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